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Russian conquest of the Caucasus

Part of the territorial evolution of Russia

From upper to bottom left: "Livebridge", Campaign of Karyagin, 1805; Capture of Erivan, 1827.
From upper to bottom right: Battle of Ganja (1826); Siege of Akhoulgo.

Date	18 December 1800 – 2 June 1864 (63 years, 5 months, 2 weeks and 1 day)
Location	Caucasus, Western Asia
Result	Russia conquered the Caucasus Local rebellions suppressed
Territorial changes	Iranian territories of Dagestan, Eastern Georgia and Khanates of the Caucasus ceded to Russia by the treaties of Gulistan (1813) and Turkmenchay (1828) Ottoman territories of Western Georgia and Southern West Caucasus ceded to Russia by the treaties of Bucharest (1812) and Adrianople (1829)

Belligerents

Russian Empire

Caucasus Viceroyalty

Supported by:
French Empire (1807–10)

Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (1800–01)

Qajar Iran (1804–13, 1826–28)

Supported by:

French Empire (1807)

British Empire (1809–13, 1826–28)

Ottoman Empire (1806–12, 1828–29, 1854–56)

Imereti (1800–04)
- Mingrelia (1800–03)
- Abkhazia (1808–10)
- Guria (1800–10)
- Svaneti (1800–10)

Supported by:

British Empire (1854–56)

Caucasian Imamate (1828–59)
Circassia (1800–64)
Kabardia (1763–25) Karachays (1819–29)

Svaneti (1854–1857)

Abkhazia (1855–56)

Commanders and leaders

Paul I (1800–01)
Alexander I (1801–25)
Nicholas I (1825–55)
Alexander II (1855–64)

Karl Knorring (1800–02)
Pavel Tsitsianov † (1802–06)
Ivan Gudovich (1806–09)
Alexander Tormasov (1809–11)
Filippo Paulucci (1811–12)
Nikolay Rtishchev (1812–16)
Aleksey Yermolov (1816–27)
Ivan Paskevich (1827–31)
Georg Andreas von Rosen (1831–38)
Yevgeny Golovin (1838–42)
Aleksander Neidgardt (1842–44)
Mikhail Vorontsov (1844–54)
Nikolay Muravyov-Amursky (1854–56)
Aleksandr Baryatinsky (1856–62)
Michael Nikolaevich (1862–64)

George XII (1800)

Prince David (1800–01)

Fath-Ali Shah (1804–13, 1826–28)

Abbas Mirza (1804–13; 1826–28)

Selim III (1800–07)
Mustafa IV (1807–08)
Mahmud II
(1808–12, 1828–29)
Abdulmejid I (1853–55)

Solomon II (1800–04)
- Grigol Dadiani (1800–02, 1802–03)
- Tariel Dadiani (1802)
- Aslan-Bey Shervashidze (1808–10)

Ghazi Muhammad † (1829–32)
Hamzat Bek † (1832–34)
Imam Shamil (1834–59)
Beibulat Taimin
Tashev-Khadji of Endirey
Shuaib-Mulla of Tsentara
Hadji Murad
Isa Gendargeno
Baysangur of Beno
Talkhig Shelar
Tuguzhuko (DOW) (1837–40)
Sefer Bey (1854–56)

Konstantine (1854–57)

Mikhail (1855–56)

Units involved

Imperial Russian Army

Caucasus Forces

Qajar Army

Ottoman Army

n/a

Approximate dates of Russian control. Mouseover for name.
Diamond=Early Russian fort;
X=Free mountaineers
Yellow circle=Khanate from Persia.
Yellow dot=Georgia from Persia
Red dot=Georgia from Turkey
Red circle= from Turkey
Red square 1878-1918

The Russian conquest of the Caucasus mainly occurred between 1800 and 1864. The Russian Empire sought to control the region between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea. South of the mountains was the territory that is modern Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Iran and Turkey. North of the mountains was the North Caucasus region of modern Russia. The difficult conquest of the intervening mountains is known as the Caucasian War. Multiple wars were fought against the local rulers of the regions, as well as the dominant powers, the Ottoman Empire and Qajar Iran, for control. By 1864 the last regions were brought under Russian control.